Guangdong is situated in the southernmost part of the mainland of China, bordering on Fujian Province in the east, adjoining Jiangxi Province and Hunan Province in the north, connecting Guangxi Autonomous Region in the west, and facing the South China Sea in the south.
The Province also borders on the special administration regions of Hong Kong and Macao respectively in the east and west parts of the Pearl River Delta. Leizhou Peninsular in the southwest of Guangdong faces Hainan Province across the Qiongzhou Strait. The whole territory of Guangdong lies between latitude 20degrees 13'-25 31' north and longitude109degrees 39'-117degrees 19' east. The Tropic of Cancer runs through the territory of the Province from Nan'ao to Conghua to Fengkai. Guangdong Province covers a land area of 179,800 square kilometers, accounting for1.87% of China's land territory.

Along the coast of Guangdong Province, there are 759 islands with a land area over 500 square meters. In terms of number, Guangdong has the third most islands in China, ranking right after Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. In addition, there are 1631 bare rocks and drying rocks dotted in the sea territory of the Province. With a coastline of 3368.1 kilometers, Guangdong ranks the first in China in terms of the mileage of coastline. As stipulated in the Ocean Convention of the United Nations, the territorial waters, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone shall be under the jurisdiction of the country along shore. Thereby, the Province has a total sea territory of 419,000 square kilometers.